The ancient Champa Kingdom in Vietnam holds a wealth of architectural marvels and artistic treasures that continue to captivate visitors to this day. From awe-inspiring temples to intricate stone carvings, the remnants of this Indian-influenced culture offer a glimpse into the rich heritage of South-Central Vietnam.
Po Klong Garai: A Sacred Site with Mysterious Brick Temple-Towers
Located six kilometers west of Phan Rang town, the Po Klong Garai temple-towers stand atop a low hill, exuding an air of mystique and enchantment. These 13th-century shrines are a testament to the power and influence of the Kingdom of Champa, which thrived from the 4th to the 13th centuries. As you climb over rocky terrain, adorned with cacti, the arid landscape and jagged red brick towers create a magical ambiance.
A Seafaring Culture Influenced by Hindu Beliefs
The Chams were a seafaring culture, controlling the spice and silk trade between China, India, Indonesia, and Persia during their peak. This highly cosmopolitan society embraced Hindu beliefs from India, with many of their shrines dedicated to the worship of Shiva. Carvings depicting various Hindu deities adorn the temples, showcasing the rich fusion of Hindu doctrines with Cham traditions. According to their unique mythology, the Chams believed they were descendants of the goddess Po Nagar, who created the world, taught humanity to live off the land, and emerged from heavenly clouds and sea foam.
Po Nagar Towers: Urban Serenity Amidst Red-Flowered Flame Trees
Perched on Mount Cù Lao in the vibrant beach resort of Nha Trang, the Po Nagar Towers overlook the bustling city streets and the glistening blue bay. Dating back to the 7th to 12th centuries, these temple-towers offer a fascinating glimpse into Cham architecture and the spiritual beliefs of the locals. Encircled by red-flowered flame trees, the central tower pays homage to the revered Goddess Po Nagar, depicted as a cross-legged statue with ten arms. Pilgrims still flock to this sacred site to pray, offer incense, and participate in the annual vibrant festival held in honor of Po Nagar.
Discovering Cham Towers across Central Vietnam
Scattered throughout Central Vietnam, approximately 50 Cham towers stand as a testament to the architectural prowess of the Champa Kingdom. Bình Định province boasts 14 sites, including the magnificent Po Shanu Towers near Phan Thiết. Other noteworthy towers include Nhan Tower in Phú Yên province, Po Dam in Bình Thuận province, and Yang Prong Cham Tower in the Central Highland province of Đắk Lắk. For enthusiasts of Cham architecture, the UNESCO World Heritage site of Mỹ Sơn in present-day Quảng Nam province is an undisputed highlight.
Museum of Cham Sculpture: A Gateway to Ancient Cham Art
For a more accessible encounter with Cham art, a visit to the Museum of Cham Sculpture in Đà Nẵng is a must. Established in 1919, this museum houses the world’s largest collection of Cham art and offers a captivating journey through the history and artistic brilliance of the Champa Kingdom. With approximately 300 sandstone and terra-cotta sculptures, the museum showcases vividly carved stone deities, sacred animals, and dancing girls that continue to inspire awe and delight.
Whether it’s exploring the sacred sites of the Champa Kingdom or immersing yourself in the artistic wonders of Cham sculpture, Vietnam’s ancient heritage beckons with its mystical allure. Discover the magic of the Champa Kingdom and uncover the secrets of Southeast Asia’s past.
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